Roles and permissions in php

I am making a menu, but I want to limit it to only some users with a specific permission can see it.

the query:

SELECT idpermission,userid FROM user_permissions WHERE userid = “U001”

Result: User U001 has 3 permissions stored.

idpermission,userid
 IDP001,U001
 IDP002,U001
 IDP003,U001

I have 3 tables (users,permissions and user_permissions), in user_permissions I store each permission of each user

Example:

Table

user | permission | user_permissions

result:

user: u001,carlos,carlos@...

permissions: IDP001 = book | IDP002 = create_book | IDP003 = edit_book | IDP004 = user | IDP005 = edit_user...

user_permissions:
IDP001,U001
IDP002,U001
IDP003,U001
IDP001,U002
IDP003,U002...

when i call the query

while($sqlRow=$sqlPermissions->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC))
 {
   if ($sqlRow['idpermission'] == 'IDP001' || $sqlRow['idpermission'] == 'IDP002' || $sqlRow['idpermission'] == 'IDP003')
     {
        echo "user menu ";
     }
 }

but the result that appears to me is 3:

user menu user menu user menu

You should only show me one, making only a comparison if you have such permission shows but shows nothing.

What I want to reach is that the user can have many permissions for different items on the menu, such as view, edit, create, delete, each one is a permission, and each item (user menu, books menu) is another permission.

Answer

Use a pivot technique to gather all permissions for a single user and form a single row to fetch with pdo.

This way all expected columns are declared and you can use simple truthy/falsey conditional checks in your php for any of the permission settings.

So long as the userid exists in the table, you will have a fully populated row to access. This will be clean, direct, efficient, and easy to maintain.

Schema (MySQL v5.7)

CREATE TABLE user_permissions ( 
  idpermission VARCHAR(20),
  userid VARCHAR(20)
);

INSERT INTO user_permissions VALUES
('IDP001', 'U001'),
('IDP002', 'U001'),
('IDP003', 'U001'),
('IDP001', 'U002'),
('IDP003', 'U002');

---

Query #1

SELECT MAX(IF(idpermission = 'IDP001', 1, 0)) AS book,
       MAX(IF(idpermission = 'IDP002', 1, 0)) AS create_book,
       MAX(IF(idpermission = 'IDP003', 1, 0)) AS edit_book,
       MAX(IF(idpermission = 'IDP004', 1, 0)) AS user,
       MAX(IF(idpermission = 'IDP005', 1, 0)) AS edit_user
FROM user_permissions
WHERE userid = 'U001'
GROUP BY userid;

Result set:

| book | create_book | edit_book | user | edit_user |
| ---- | ----------- | --------- | ---- | --------- |
| 1    | 1           | 1         | 0    | 0         |

---

View on DB Fiddle