Function inside a function.?

This code produces the result as 56.

function x ($y) {
    function y ($z) {
        return ($z*2);
    }

    return($y+3);
}

$y = 4;
$y = x($y)*y($y);
echo $y;

Any idea what is going inside? I am confused.

Answer

X returns (value +3), while Y returns (value*2)

Given a value of 4, this means (4+3) * (4*2) = 7 * 8 = 56.

Although functions are not limited in scope (which means that you can safely ‘nest’ function definitions), this particular example is prone to errors:

1) You can’t call y() before calling x(), because function y() won’t actually be defined until x() has executed once.

2) Calling x() twice will cause PHP to redeclare function y(), leading to a fatal error:

Fatal error: Cannot redeclare y()

The solution to both would be to split the code, so that both functions are declared independent of each other:

function x ($y) 
{
  return($y+3);
}

function y ($z)
{
  return ($z*2);
}

This is also a lot more readable.